Friday, October 16, 2020

C19 Outbreak at Indoor Hockey Game

 The Center for Disease Control reported a Covid-19 outbreak at an indoor hockey game in Florida:

 On June 16, 2020, a recreational ice hockey game was played at an ice rink in the Tampa Bay, Florida, metropolitan area. Teams A and B, each consisting of 11 players (typically six on the ice and five on the bench at any given time), included men aged 19–53 years. During the 5 days after the game, 15 persons (14 of the 22 players and a rink staff member) experienced signs and symptoms compatible with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)*; 13 of the 15 ill persons had positive laboratory test results indicating infection with SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19. Widespread transmission of SARS-CoV-2 has been documented at a choir practice (1) and at meat processing plants (2,3); however, apart from an outbreak involving 57 infected dancers that has been linked to high-intensity fitness dance classes in South Korea (4) and a cluster of five infected persons at a squash facility in Slovenia (5), few published reports are available regarding transmission associated with specific sports games or practices. In addition, outbreaks of COVID-19 infections among amateur hockey players in the United States have recently been reported in the news.

On June 19, 2020, the Florida Department of Health was notified of a team A player (the index patient) who experienced fever, cough, sore throat, and a headache beginning on June 17, the day after he had participated in an evening game; 2 days later, a nasal specimen was obtained, which tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 by Sofia SARS Antigen Fluorescent Immunoassay (https://www.quidel.com/immunoassays/coronavirusexternal icon). An investigation by the Florida Department of Health revealed that eight of 10 team A players (excluding the index patient), five of 11 players from team B, and one rink staff member experienced COVID-19 signs and symptoms during June 18–21 (Figure), 2–5 days after the game. Excluding the index patient, 13 of the 21 (62%) players experienced illness. Among the 15 total cases in this outbreak, 11 patients had positive SARS-CoV-2 reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction results, two had positive antigen tests,§ and two were not tested. Asymptomatic players did not seek testing. Neither of the two on-ice referees experienced symptoms. Because the investigation was deemed public health practice, approval by the Florida Department of Health Institutional Review Board was not required.

Ice hockey involves vigorous physical exertion accompanied by deep, heavy respiration, and during the game, players frequently move from the ice surface to the bench while still breathing heavily. In this game, hockey-specific face protection varied and included metal cages or plastic half-shields (covering the eyes and the upper part of the nose); some players do not wear face protection. Cloth face masks for disease control were not used in the locker rooms or during the game. A standard ice rink in the United States measures 200 feet (61 meters) by 85 feet (26 meters). Boards and plexiglass, extending upward to approximately 10 feet (3 meters), surround the ice surface creating a physically segregated playing area. In addition to the 60-minute game time on the ice, during which players frequently came within 6 feet of one another, each team used a separate locker room, typically for 20 minutes before and after the game. Players from the teams did not have other common exposures in the week before the game. The median incubation period for SARS-CoV-2 is 4–5 days from exposure to symptom onset and ranges from 2–14 days.** Although more than one player might have been infectious during the game, it is hypothesized that the index patient was the source of SARS-CoV-2 transmission for the other players while he was presymptomatic.

The ice rink provides a venue that is likely well suited to COVID-19 transmission as an indoor environment where deep breathing occurs, and persons are in close proximity to one another. An Italian study estimating the rate of SARS-CoV-2 emission by infectious persons based on viral load in the mouth showed that during heavy exercise, a high viral emission rate can be reached during oral breathing (6). The higher proportion of infected players on the index patient’s team might result from additional exposures to the index patient in the locker room and on the player bench, where players sit close to one another.

A limitation of this investigation was that not all players from the game sought testing, and asymptomatic infections were possibly not identified. The indoor space and close contact between players during a hockey game increase infection risk for players and create potential for a superspreader event, especially with ongoing community COVID-19 transmission. Superspreader events, in which one infectious person infects many others, can lead to explosive growth at the beginning of an outbreak and facilitate sustained transmission later in an outbreak (7). This game involved a relatively limited number of players and only one spectator, who remained symptom-free and was not tested (the limited number of spectators was not related to rink policy); however, hockey games can include up to 20 players on each of the two teams and many spectators in the arena.

The high proportion of infections that occurred in this outbreak provides evidence for SARS-CoV-2 transmission during an indoor sporting activity where intense physical activity is occurring. In response, Florida Department of Health staff members provided isolation and quarantine recommendations to the persons in the rink during the game and advised ice rink management on COVID-19 risk and disease control. Article.

 

 

14 comments:

Anonymous said...

This is God punishing folks for unnatural acts. Like trying ice hockey in Florida. And, how come they don't play OUTDOOR ice hockey in Florida, huh? The weather's so good they could do that all year long! And, it'd be safer, like Alabama fewtbawl, too!

Anonymous said...

How much more proof do we need?
Shut. Everything. Down!

Make Tesla self driving trucks and cars deliver the food. Make Boston Dynamics robots do all the other work.

Start directly depositing $2400 per week per adult into every US citizen's account until we have 100% effective vaccination.

Stop worshipping oil, weapons and profits and just save lives.

Anonymous said...

Where the fuck is that big ass Asteroid? Will solve everything that Covid can't, like end of mankind to begin with.

Anonymous said...

11:40 AM That is call a fairy tale.

Anonymous said...

Notice any words missing from this article? Like 'hospitalized' or 'dead'? So, a flu like illness got spread at a hockey game and some people had bad cold symptoms. I'm sure that's never happened before and can see why this would be national news.

Like that unnatural acts line @11:33.

Anonymous said...

11:40 - you forgot to include to crank up the printing presses to print those $2400 checks, since nobody will be working and paying into the system.

But of course, that's the goal of many anyway. No work, no taxes - let the government take care of it all. Heard it last night at one of the Town Hall telecasts.

Anonymous said...

I assume, since the article did not specify that any of these experienced severe illness or death, that they all recovered. Those healthy enough to play hockey probably are healthy enough to withstand infection. This seems to be more evidence that the vulnerable should probably shelter themselves, but the rest of the world needs to go about their business.

Anonymous said...

@12:57
Plenty of US states do not collect income tax.
The Federal Government didn't collect income tax until the Federal Reserve Act was passed
Tarrifs (from Wish & Aliexpress) sales tax from Amazon, land taxes, and other VATs paid the bills.
Disability and many other federal benefits are taxable income.

Anonymous said...

Next up: Space aliens! Get ready, I figure they are amassing on the dark side of the moon for the invasion the way this year is going.

Time to use the spare pandemic to review ET, War of the Worlds, Independence Day, and District 9 to make sure we know how to react to the appropriate threat.

Unless it is Thanos, or worse -- Alien and/or Predators-- then we could be in real trouble.

Anonymous said...

@3:21,
I think you mean the Xenomorph from the Aliens franchise. They were always scarier to me because they are like animals or insects. You can't reason with them.
Same goes for the Klendathu bugs from Starship Troopers. Or the Zerg from Starcraft. If we have aliens like The Covenant from Halo, despite their religious fanaticism, you can reason or bargain with them.

Anonymous said...

" The Center for Disease Control reported "

Nuff' said.

Has the CDC even commented on the all of these riots this year ?

Low information sheep aside, half ass intelligent folks understand a damn hockey game is not the problem.

Anonymous said...

Hopefully the aliens will be like the Teletubbies, who were the dumbest aliens of all time. Their vacuum cleaner was the only ones with any brains

Anonymous said...

Are they sure it was a scheduled hockey game? Maybe it was just a brawl over wearing masks and a hockey game happened to break out...(ba-da-bum-CHING)

Anonymous said...

I don't know what to think anymore.

Jason Voorhees died of Covid on Tuesday. And he always wore a mask.

But, it seems Michael Myers has tested negative for the last 9 months. He almost seems immortal.



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