In addition to a record, history more often than not provides a road map.
That’s certainly true in terms of the long road to public school integration. In 1896, in Plessy v. Ferguson, the U.S. Supreme Court heard what was ostensibly a case about whether Fourteenth Amendment protections extended to the segregation of railroad passengers by race. In holding that mixed-race passenger Homer Plessy’s rights under the Equal Protection Clause were not bruised by Louisiana’s Separate Car Act of 1890, the court effectively legitimized the “separate but equal” doctrine in public accommodations for the next 60 years. The Plessy decision further ensconced “separate but equal” into not only public accommodation, but into public education, health care, housing, and other facets of American life. “Separate but equal” as defined in Plessy endured until the high court ruled in 1954’s Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka, Kansas that the nation’s schools must be integrated with “all deliberate speed.” The failure of Mississippi public schools to comply with the Brown decision’s mandates led to ongoing legal challenges. In 1969, the snail’s pace of school integration at “all deliberate speed” was replaced by the dictate to integrate “at once” in the Alexander v. Holmes County (Miss.) Board of Education decision. The Supreme Court handed down its decision on Oct. 29 of that year, and nine weeks later, the 33 Mississippi school districts affected by the Alexander case were integrated. The roadmap? School integration was not enacted by Congress but by the appellate courts. Over the last two sessions of the Mississippi Legislature, there has been growing political frustration over the contentious issue of what conservative supporters call “school choice” or “education freedom” – the adoption of a voucher-like system that allows parents to use taxpayer funds to pay private school tuition if that is their choice for their child. It’s easy to dismiss this as a battle between House and Senate leadership or a purely partisan standoff, or as a tough vote for all lawmakers on a complex, politically-nuanced policy – yet even including those influences, which would not be an accurate account. The most significant apparent obstacle to adoption of school choice legislation in Mississippi is Section 208 of the Mississippi Constitution of 1890, which reads: “No religious or other sect or sects shall ever control any part of the school or other educational funds of this state; nor shall any funds be appropriated toward the support of any sectarian school, or to any school that at the time of receiving such appropriation is not conducted as a free school.” Mississippi is one of 38 states with similar language referred to as “Blaine Amendments” after the U.S. Rep. James G. Blaine of Maine. During the Reconstruction Era, Blaine advocated withholding government funds from parochial schools. But Mississippi’s constitutional language on this issue is among the strongest in the nation and prohibits public funds from going to any school—religious or non-religious—unless it is operated as a free public school. The Mississippi Supreme Court has the power to bring clarity to the Section 208 prohibition – by either strictly enforcing the ban or by recognizing constitutionally permissible parent-routed ESA structures. At present, judicial ambiguity on Section 208 only sustains the political gridlock. Education in Mississippi should not be a zero-sum game. There are workable, valuable ideas on both sides of the school choice fight. We’ve seen education gains in recent years that prove Mississippi can improve our education system. Mississippi’s economy has unprecedented momentum. We need to protect school districts and ensure no student is left behind, but we also need all the tools in the toolbox to match the state’s current opportunities. Other states have seen their version of the “Blaine amendments” struck down or changed by judicial review as “relics” and obstacles. Sid Salter is a syndicated columnist. Contact him at sidsalter@sidsalter.com.Wednesday, February 11, 2026
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- Incest in Dixie: Mississippi Legal Profession
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Trollfest '09
Trollfest '07 was such a success that Jackson Jambalaya will once again host Trollfest '09. Catch this great event which will leave NE Jackson & Fondren in flames. Othor Cain and his band, The Black Power Structure headline the night while Sonjay Poontang returns for an encore performance. Former Frank Melton bodyguard Marcus Wright makes his premier appearance at Trollfest singing "I'm a Sweet Transvestite" from "The Rocky Horror Picture Show." Kamikaze will sing his new hit, “How I sold out to da Man.” Robbie Bell again performs: “Mamas, don't let your babies grow up to be Bells” and “Any friend of Ed Peters is a friend of mine”. After the show, Ms. Bell will autograph copies of her mug shot photos. In a salute to “Dancing with the Stars”, Ms. Bell and Hinds County District Attorney Robert Smith will dance the Wango Tango.
Wrestling returns, except this time it will be a Battle Royal with Othor Cain, Ben Allen, Kim Wade, Haley Fisackerly, Alan Lange, and “Big Cat” Donna Ladd all in the ring at the same time. The Battle Royal will be in a steel cage, no time limit, no referee, and the losers must leave town. Marshand Crisler will be the honorary referee (as it gives him a title without actually having to do anything).
Meet KIM Waaaaaade at the Entergy Tent. For five pesos, Kim will sell you a chance to win a deed to a crack house on Ridgeway Street stuffed in the Howard Industries pinata. Don't worry if the pinata is beaten to shreds, as Mr. Wade has Jose, Emmanuel, and Carlos, all illegal immigrants, available as replacements for the it. Upon leaving the Entergy tent, fig leaves will be available in case Entergy literally takes everything you have as part of its Trollfest ticket price adjustment charge.
Donna Ladd of The Jackson Free Press will give several classes on learning how to write. Smearing, writing without factchecking, and reporting only one side of a story will be covered. A donation to pay their taxes will be accepted and she will be signing copies of their former federal tax liens. Ms. Ladd will give a dramatic reading of her two award-winning essays (They received The Jackson Free Press "Best Of" awards.) "Why everything is always about me" and "Why I cover murders better than anyone else in Jackson".
In the spirit of helping those who are less fortunate, Trollfest '09 adopts a cause for which a portion of the proceeds and donations will be donated: Keeping Frank Melton in his home. The “Keep Frank Melton From Being Homeless” booth will sell chances for five dollars to pin the tail on the jackass. John Reeves has graciously volunteered to be the jackass for this honorable excursion into saving Frank's ass. What's an ass between two friends after all? If Mr. Reeves is unable to um, perform, Speaker Billy McCoy has also volunteered as when the word “jackass” was mentioned he immediately ran as fast as he could to sign up.
In order to help clean up the legal profession, Adam Kilgore of the Mississippi Bar will be giving away free, round-trip plane tickets to the North Pole where they keep their bar complaint forms (which are NOT available online). If you don't want to go to the North Pole, you can enjoy Brant Brantley's (of the Mississippi Commission on Judicial Performance) free guided tours of the quicksand field over by High Street where all complaints against judges disappear. If for some reason you are unable to control yourself, never fear; Judge Houston Patton will operate his jail where no lawyers are needed or allowed as you just sit there for minutes... hours.... months...years until he decides he is tired of you sitting in his jail. Do not think Judge Patton is a bad judge however as he plans to serve free Mad Dog 20/20 to all inmates.
Trollfest '09 is a pet-friendly event as well. Feel free to bring your dog with you and do not worry if your pet gets hungry, as employees of the Jackson Zoo will be on hand to provide some of their animals as food when it gets to be feeding time for your little loved one.
Relax at the Fox News Tent. Since there are only three blonde reporters in Jackson (being blonde is a requirement for working at Fox News), Megan and Kathryn from WAPT and Wendy from WLBT will be on loan to Fox. To gain admittance to the VIP section, bring either your Republican Party ID card or a Rebel Flag. Bringing both and a torn-up Obama yard sign will entitle you to free drinks served by Megan, Wendy, and Kathryn. Get your tickets now. Since this is an event for trolls, no ID is required. Just bring the hate. Bring the family, Trollfest '09 is for EVERYONE!!!
This is definitely a Beaver production.
Note: Security provided by INS.
Wrestling returns, except this time it will be a Battle Royal with Othor Cain, Ben Allen, Kim Wade, Haley Fisackerly, Alan Lange, and “Big Cat” Donna Ladd all in the ring at the same time. The Battle Royal will be in a steel cage, no time limit, no referee, and the losers must leave town. Marshand Crisler will be the honorary referee (as it gives him a title without actually having to do anything).
Meet KIM Waaaaaade at the Entergy Tent. For five pesos, Kim will sell you a chance to win a deed to a crack house on Ridgeway Street stuffed in the Howard Industries pinata. Don't worry if the pinata is beaten to shreds, as Mr. Wade has Jose, Emmanuel, and Carlos, all illegal immigrants, available as replacements for the it. Upon leaving the Entergy tent, fig leaves will be available in case Entergy literally takes everything you have as part of its Trollfest ticket price adjustment charge.
Donna Ladd of The Jackson Free Press will give several classes on learning how to write. Smearing, writing without factchecking, and reporting only one side of a story will be covered. A donation to pay their taxes will be accepted and she will be signing copies of their former federal tax liens. Ms. Ladd will give a dramatic reading of her two award-winning essays (They received The Jackson Free Press "Best Of" awards.) "Why everything is always about me" and "Why I cover murders better than anyone else in Jackson".
In the spirit of helping those who are less fortunate, Trollfest '09 adopts a cause for which a portion of the proceeds and donations will be donated: Keeping Frank Melton in his home. The “Keep Frank Melton From Being Homeless” booth will sell chances for five dollars to pin the tail on the jackass. John Reeves has graciously volunteered to be the jackass for this honorable excursion into saving Frank's ass. What's an ass between two friends after all? If Mr. Reeves is unable to um, perform, Speaker Billy McCoy has also volunteered as when the word “jackass” was mentioned he immediately ran as fast as he could to sign up.
In order to help clean up the legal profession, Adam Kilgore of the Mississippi Bar will be giving away free, round-trip plane tickets to the North Pole where they keep their bar complaint forms (which are NOT available online). If you don't want to go to the North Pole, you can enjoy Brant Brantley's (of the Mississippi Commission on Judicial Performance) free guided tours of the quicksand field over by High Street where all complaints against judges disappear. If for some reason you are unable to control yourself, never fear; Judge Houston Patton will operate his jail where no lawyers are needed or allowed as you just sit there for minutes... hours.... months...years until he decides he is tired of you sitting in his jail. Do not think Judge Patton is a bad judge however as he plans to serve free Mad Dog 20/20 to all inmates.
Trollfest '09 is a pet-friendly event as well. Feel free to bring your dog with you and do not worry if your pet gets hungry, as employees of the Jackson Zoo will be on hand to provide some of their animals as food when it gets to be feeding time for your little loved one.
Relax at the Fox News Tent. Since there are only three blonde reporters in Jackson (being blonde is a requirement for working at Fox News), Megan and Kathryn from WAPT and Wendy from WLBT will be on loan to Fox. To gain admittance to the VIP section, bring either your Republican Party ID card or a Rebel Flag. Bringing both and a torn-up Obama yard sign will entitle you to free drinks served by Megan, Wendy, and Kathryn. Get your tickets now. Since this is an event for trolls, no ID is required. Just bring the hate. Bring the family, Trollfest '09 is for EVERYONE!!!
This is definitely a Beaver production.
Note: Security provided by INS.
Trollfest '07
Jackson Jambalaya is the home of Trollfest '07. Catch this great event which promises to leave NE Jackson & Fondren in flames. Sonjay Poontang and his band headline the night with a special steel cage, no time limit "loser must leave town" bout between Alan Lange and "Big Cat"Donna Ladd following afterwards. Kamikaze will perform his new song F*** Bush, he's still a _____. Did I mention there was no referee? Dr. Heddy Matthias and Lori Gregory will face off in the undercard dueling with dangling participles and other um, devices. Robbie Bell will perform Her two latest songs: My Best Friends are in the Media and Mama's, Don't Let Your Babies Grow up to be George Bell. Sid Salter of The Clarion-Ledger will host "Pin the Tail on the Trial Lawyer", sponsored by State Farm.
There will be a hugging booth where in exchange for your young son, Frank Melton will give you a loooong hug. Trollfest will have a dunking booth where Muhammed the terrorist will curse you to Allah as you try to hit a target that will drop him into a vat of pig grease. However, in the true spirit of Separate But Equal, Don Imus and someone from NE Jackson will also sit in the dunking booth for an equal amount of time. Tom Head will give a reading for two hours on why he can't figure out who the hell he is. Cliff Cargill will give lessons with his .80 caliber desert eagle, using Frank Melton photos as targets. Tackleberry will be on hand for an autograph session. KIM Waaaaaade will be passing out free titles and deeds to crackhouses formerly owned by The Wood Street Players.
If you get tired come relax at the Fox News Tent. To gain admittance to the VIP section, bring either your Republican Party ID card or a Rebel Flag. Bringing both will entitle you to free drinks.Get your tickets now. Since this is an event for trolls, no ID is required, just bring the hate. Bring the family, Trollfest '07 is for EVERYONE!!!
This is definitely a Beaver production.
Note: Security provided by INS.
There will be a hugging booth where in exchange for your young son, Frank Melton will give you a loooong hug. Trollfest will have a dunking booth where Muhammed the terrorist will curse you to Allah as you try to hit a target that will drop him into a vat of pig grease. However, in the true spirit of Separate But Equal, Don Imus and someone from NE Jackson will also sit in the dunking booth for an equal amount of time. Tom Head will give a reading for two hours on why he can't figure out who the hell he is. Cliff Cargill will give lessons with his .80 caliber desert eagle, using Frank Melton photos as targets. Tackleberry will be on hand for an autograph session. KIM Waaaaaade will be passing out free titles and deeds to crackhouses formerly owned by The Wood Street Players.
If you get tired come relax at the Fox News Tent. To gain admittance to the VIP section, bring either your Republican Party ID card or a Rebel Flag. Bringing both will entitle you to free drinks.Get your tickets now. Since this is an event for trolls, no ID is required, just bring the hate. Bring the family, Trollfest '07 is for EVERYONE!!!
This is definitely a Beaver production.
Note: Security provided by INS.

11 comments:
We could learn from states that have successfully offered school choice.
I'm afraid, some supporters believe they will have more " choices" than are possible and that private schools will be available to them with more money. What does happen is more competition for the best schools. And, the possibilities for some small private schools to enter the market.
Indeed, in some towns and cities, lotteries became necessary for parents to get a chance to get into their child's school of choice. Then, if your pick doesn't fit your child's abilities or needs, you will really have a terrible problem to resolve the following year. I've friends that went through that in other states.
Our legislators really need to learn the details of the systems that seem to be successful and pick the best fit for Mississippi.
My concern is that we don't have the population to pull this off.
Its all about the Benjamins
I’m not convinced that the “vast majority” of the people in MS support School Choice. The House passed HB2 by only 2 votes. Not a vast majority by any stretch. It completely failed in the Senate Ed Committee. Although I’m a lifelong supporter of public schools, I’m not entirely opposed to school choice. However, I’m totally opposed to the lack of accountability standards that should follow public funding. The private school association has made it clear that they will not accept any accountability. I’m beginning to believe it’s about the money and not about school choice.
A large number of people in the state simply don't believe public money should be given to families to pay for private school. I happen to be one of them. If a family chooses private school for their child, that's fine with me. However, tax money should not be given to those who select that option.
Section 208 is clear: no public funding, whether directly or indirectly, to sectarian schools.
@1:08 we all agree it's about money and not choice. This issue was never mentioned until about three years ago. I don't recall the private schools begging for it, at least publicly, nor was there any groundswell from voters. This idea as tossed out there by Reeves and White and is now being treated as a generation defining action.
People in Mississippi have choices, they can attend public, private, or homeschool. All three have their advantages and disadvantages. But public tax money should not go towards non public services.
@1:38 - The constitution says the legislature must control education funds... then says any "schools" directly funded must be free. Thus, the legislature or a School District funding ESA's in a child's name administered by a parent is fine. How else would all the existing ESA's for learning disabilities be constitutional?
Regardless, the Federal Supreme Court found the Blaine Amendments to have been intended for discriminatory treatment of Catholics.
2:38 Public money goes to non-public entities in Mississippi every day. Or do you think there is a state garbage collection agency, a state construction work agency, etc?? Those are private entities contracted by local governments using PUBLIC money. Should the government also determine which public parks we are allowed to go to based on our zip codes?? I mean why not, they are being maintained with public money. Please move to New York City where you may soon have your communist dreams come true.
Exactly. If the MS Supreme Court rules against the black letter law in the MS Constitution, they are corrupt as the day is long.
@3:13 Point taken about public money going to non-public entities. That being said, there is no statewide garbage agency but if there was, I would also be opposed to allowing people to get garbage service from another provider with taxes collected from the broader public.
I don't get to receive money to pay for a country club membership rather than use a public park because I don't think it's a good place to go. I can use my own money to pay for my country club membership. Same goes with a library, I don't get a voucher to buy my own books from Amazon just because I don't feel my library is adequate.
OK, 3:54, but there are plenty of other examples of state tax dollars being used to pay for 'private school' education. Plenty of tuition programs that are used for college tuitions, including at schools other than those that are state controlled/run. Along with those state programs are Pell Grants (federal dollars) and forgiven student loans (federal dollars).
And to others, as Salter pointed out but evidently ignored by your reading comprehension - the Blaine amendments have been routinely stuck down in other states. Further, the state dollars in the proposed 'choice' programs are not used to fund private schools, but are given to the parents who then spend them; a process that has found to be possible within our constittuional constraints in other states. (Ignoring, of course, that the school choice proposals also included going from one public school to another public school - which totally avoids your entire arguments against the proposed changes.)
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